{"id":1108,"date":"2011-10-27T15:11:07","date_gmt":"2011-10-27T08:11:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/?page_id=1108"},"modified":"2011-10-27T16:05:16","modified_gmt":"2011-10-27T09:05:16","slug":"2-dien-tro","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/tutorials\/for-beginner\/2-dien-tro\/","title":{"rendered":"2. \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">Lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 LINH KI\u1ec6N \u2013 D\u1ee4NG C\u1ee4 C\u01a0 B\u1ea2N<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">D\u00c0NH CHO NG\u01af\u1edcI M\u1edaI B\u1eaeT \u0110\u1ea6U<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #333399;\">PH\u1ea6N 2: NH\u1eacN D\u1ea0NG \u0110I\u1ec6N TR\u1ede (R)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong> <\/strong> C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1edf, t\u1ee5 \u2026 d\u00e1n (linh ki\u1ec7n d\u00e1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2013 SMD \u2013 Surface Mount Devices) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c, lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n xuy\u00ean l\u1ed7 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (ta s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n-xuy\u00ean-l\u1ed7 l\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n <strong>thru-hole<\/strong>)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ta quan t\u00e2m 2 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00a0Tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 (t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 1 Ohm, 2.7 kOhm, 1.5Mohm, \u2026)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00a0C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t: Lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 0.25W, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf m\u00e0 ko n\u00f3i th\u00eam \u201cbao nhi\u00eau watt\u201d th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 1\/4W.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n: 1\/2 W, 1W, 2W, 5W,\u2026<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, t\u1ea7m 1\/8 W, 1\/10W, \u2026 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi linh ki\u1ec7n SMD n\u00ean ch\u01b0a b\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra ta c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u201csai s\u1ed1\u201d. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf sai s\u1ed1 1% th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n lo\u1ea1i sai s\u1ed1 5%.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c m\u1ee9c sai s\u1ed1: 20%, 10%, 5%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.1%.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i linh ki\u1ec7n <strong><em>kh\u00f4ng<\/em><\/strong> ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ef1c t\u00ednh, khi g\u1eafn v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ch <strong><em>ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n<\/em><\/strong> ph\u1ea3i xem \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0o d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e0o \u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2.1 C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t:<\/span><\/strong> C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00e0ng b\u1ef1 (nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e9)  <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/i653.photobucket.com\/albums\/uu259\/rockc4\/TUT%204%20beginners\/Bai%202%20-%20R\/d852f881.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"380\" height=\"359\" \/> <strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>H\u00ecnh 2.0: \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng kh\u00e1c nhau: B\u00e9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 0.25W <\/em><em>&#8211;&gt;0.5W &#8211;&gt;<\/em><em> 1W, \u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/i653.photobucket.com\/albums\/uu259\/rockc4\/TUT%204%20beginners\/Bai%202%20-%20R\/1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"230\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>H\u00ecnh 2.1 \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf 0.25W<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/i653.photobucket.com\/albums\/uu259\/rockc4\/TUT%204%20beginners\/Bai%202%20-%20R\/2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"329\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>H\u00ecnh 2.2: \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf 0.25W v\u00e0 0.5W<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/i653.photobucket.com\/albums\/uu259\/rockc4\/TUT%204%20beginners\/Bai%202%20-%20R\/3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"383\" height=\"239\" \/><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em> <\/em> <em> <\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>H\u00ecnh 2.3: \u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf 2W<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em> <\/em> C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf t\u1ea7m 5W, 7W tr\u1edf l\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc trong s\u1ee9 (khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf t\u1ea7m c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf s\u1ebd to\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t n\u00ean m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e9t n\u00f3 trong c\u00e1i l\u1edbp s\u1ee9 n\u00e0y).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/i653.photobucket.com\/albums\/uu259\/rockc4\/TUT%204%20beginners\/Bai%202%20-%20R\/4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"403\" height=\"302\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>H\u00ecnh 2.4: V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t: 20W \u2013 10 Ohm \u2013 sai s\u1ed1 5% (J)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em> <\/em> <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2.2 Gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u1eadt t\u1ea3o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb9p\/x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhau ch\u00fat \u00edt.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00a0Lo\u1ea1i 1\/4W: Khi mua b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf (vd. 1 <em>\u201c\u00f4m\u201d<\/em>, 4.7 \u201c<em>k\u00ed\u201d<\/em>, 56 \u201c<em>k\u00ed\u201d<\/em>, 1 <em>\u201cm\u00ea\u201d\u2026<\/em>), lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u00ec nh\u1edb mua 100 con \/ l\u1ea7n, gi\u00e1 c\u1ea3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 4k-5k\/1 b\u1ecbch (hay 1 d\u00e2y) 100 con \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf, tu\u1ef3 theo ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 b\u00e1n (\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean mua \u1edf ti\u1ec7m Ng\u1ecdc \u2013 gi\u00e1 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c) [gi\u00e1 n\u0103m 2011].<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; \u00a0Lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf &gt; 1\/4W: C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec gi\u00e1 c\u00e0ng m\u1eafc. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ta th\u01b0\u1eddng mua l\u1ebb.<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong> <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> <\/span><\/strong> <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> <\/span><\/strong> <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2.3 \u0110\u1ecdc tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 theo v\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i: 4 v\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u (h\u00ecnh 2.1, h\u00ecnh 2.3) v\u00e0 5 v\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u (h\u00ecnh 2.2). Tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi b\u1ea3ng m\u00e3 m\u00e0u.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/i653.photobucket.com\/albums\/uu259\/rockc4\/TUT%204%20beginners\/Bai%202%20-%20R\/5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"357\" height=\"446\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>H\u00ecnh 2.5: B\u1ea3ng m\u00e3 m\u00e0u<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1: \u0110en \u2013 N\u00e2u \u2013 \u0110\u1ecf \u2013 Lam \u2013 V\u00e0ng \u2013 L\u1ee5c \u2013 Lam \u2013 T\u00edm \u2013 X\u00e1m \u2013 Tr\u1eafng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 0 &#8211;&gt; 9.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/i653.photobucket.com\/albums\/uu259\/rockc4\/TUT%204%20beginners\/Bai%202%20-%20R\/6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"555\" height=\"167\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em>H\u00ecnh 2.6: C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf theo m\u00e3 m\u00e0u<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><em> <\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf 4 v\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>2 v\u1ea1ch ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 &#8211; 1 v\u1ea1ch h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n \u2013 v\u1ea1ch ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 dung sai (sai s\u1ed1).<\/p>\n<p>Lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf 4 v\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u c\u00f3 sai s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 5%, 10%, hay 20% v\u1edbi m\u00e0u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng m\u00e3 m\u00e0u, c\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 3: 5% \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e0u <strong>nh\u0169 v\u00e0ng, <\/strong>10% \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u00e0u <strong>nh\u0169 b\u1ea1c, <\/strong>n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea1ch sai s\u1ed1 th\u00ec \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung sai l\u00e0 20%<strong>. <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong>Hai m\u00e0u n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u00e0u ch\u1ec9 ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, do \u0111\u00f3 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o v\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u nh\u0169 v\u00e0ng hay nh\u0169 b\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u tr\u00ean th\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf theo chi\u1ec1u n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, v\u1ea1ch dung sai ch\u1ec9 cho ta bi\u1ebft sai s\u1ed1, khi \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <\/span><\/strong>H\u00ecnh 2.6, b\u00ean tr\u00e1i: L\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0 V\u00e0ng-T\u00edm-\u0110\u1ecf (4-7-2), trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ecf l\u00e0 v\u1ea1ch h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n ( x 10<sup>2<\/sup>)  V\u1eady gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u00e0: 47 x 10<sup>2 <\/sup>= 4700 Ohm = 4.7 kOhm.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" style=\"border-style: initial; border-color: initial;\" src=\"http:\/\/i653.photobucket.com\/albums\/uu259\/rockc4\/TUT%204%20beginners\/Bai%202%20-%20R\/7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"108\" \/><\/p>\n<div>Nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0tr\u1edf n\u00e0y: ta th\u1ea5y v\u1ea1ch ngo\u00e0i c\u00f9ng b\u00ean tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 m\u00e0u<strong> nh\u0169<\/strong> <strong>v\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p><strong> <\/strong> <strong> <\/strong><strong>&#8211;&gt; <\/strong>sai s\u1ed1 5%, tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i sang: N\u00e2u \u2013 \u0110en &#8211;\u00a0 \u0110\u1ecf (1 \u2013 0 \u2013 2)<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;&gt; Tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 l\u00e0\u00a010 x\u00a0 10<sup>2 <\/sup>= 1000 Ohm = 1 kOhm<\/p>\n<div>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" style=\"border-style: initial; border-color: initial;\" src=\"http:\/\/i653.photobucket.com\/albums\/uu259\/rockc4\/TUT%204%20beginners\/Bai%202%20-%20R\/8.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"211\" height=\"103\" \/><\/div>\n<p><strong><em>V\u00e0ng \u2013 T<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u00edm \u2013 Nh\u0169 V\u00e0ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u0169 v\u00e0ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n (xem h\u00ecnh 2.4 c\u1ed9t 2) l\u00e0 10<sup>-1<\/sup> &#8211;&gt; R = 47 x 10<sup>-1<\/sup> = 4.7 Ohm<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\">&#8211; \u00a0 \u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf 5 v\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u:<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"> <\/span>3 v\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1eef s\u1ed1, v\u1ea1ch th\u1ee9 4 l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n, v\u1ea1ch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 sai s\u1ed1. Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 sai s\u1ed1 1% hay 2% (v\u1ea1ch sai s\u1ed1 m\u00e0u n\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecf).  C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc<\/p>\n<p>t\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0t\u1ef1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 4 v\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u.  V\u00ed d\u1ee5: N\u00e2u \u2013 \u0110en \u2013 \u0110en \u2013 N\u00e2u = 100 x 10<sup>1<\/sup> = 1000 Ohm = 1 kOhm<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2.4 \u0110\u1ecdc tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ghi b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u: <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> <\/span><\/strong> <em> <\/em>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf kh\u00f4ng k\u00ed hi\u1ec7u tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 b\u1eb1ng m\u00e3 m\u00e0u m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng k\u00ed t\u1ef1 ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf d\u00e1n, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t,\u2026<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf c\u00f3 ghi tr\u00ean th\u00e2n d\u00e3y s\u1ed1: 101 th\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 10 x 10<sup>1<\/sup> = 100 Ohm  472 =&gt; 47 x 10<sup>2 <\/sup>= 4700 Ohm = 4k7  1001 =&gt; 100 x 10<sup>1 <\/sup>= 1000 Ohm = 1k  4701 =&gt; 470 x 10<sup>1 <\/sup>= 4k7<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1eef s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u0110\u1ecdc gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb sai s\u1ed1 theo b\u1ea3ng sau:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/i653.photobucket.com\/albums\/uu259\/rockc4\/TUT%204%20beginners\/Bai%202%20-%20R\/10.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"280\" \/><br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"line-height: normal;\"> <\/span><\/span> <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2.5 Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd ch\u1ecdn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf sao cho c\u00f3 b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng (m\u00e0 l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf v\u1edbi sai s\u1ed1 5% l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 mua nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee3, 1% th\u00ec c\u00f2n ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ee9 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n 1% th\u00ec hi\u1ebfm l\u1eafm :D).<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf:<\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span style=\"color: #993300;\"> B\u1ea3ng 1 C\u00e1c Series \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong><em><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/i653.photobucket.com\/albums\/uu259\/rockc4\/TUT%204%20beginners\/Bai%202%20-%20R\/11.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"420\" height=\"299\" \/><br \/>\n<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><span style=\"line-height: normal;\"> <\/span><\/span> B\u1ea3ng 2 C\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf trong m\u1ed7i Series<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/i653.photobucket.com\/albums\/uu259\/rockc4\/TUT%204%20beginners\/Bai%202%20-%20R\/12.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"531\" height=\"273\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/i653.photobucket.com\/albums\/uu259\/rockc4\/TUT%204%20beginners\/Bai%202%20-%20R\/13.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"542\" height=\"272\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/i653.photobucket.com\/albums\/uu259\/rockc4\/TUT%204%20beginners\/Bai%202%20-%20R\/14.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"525\" height=\"525\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><a href=\"http:\/\/www.mediafire.com\/?zqcljmh6len7k9y\">Download t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng .pdf<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1: GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 LINH KI\u1ec6N \u2013 D\u1ee4NG C\u1ee4 C\u01a0 B\u1ea2N D\u00c0NH CHO NG\u01af\u1edcI M\u1edaI B\u1eaeT \u0110\u1ea6U PH\u1ea6N 2: NH\u1eacN D\u1ea0NG \u0110I\u1ec6N TR\u1ede (R) C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1edf, t\u1ee5 \u2026 d\u00e1n (linh ki\u1ec7n d\u00e1n b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u2013 SMD \u2013 Surface Mount Devices) s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c, lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0n xuy\u00ean l\u1ed7 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng (ta s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0n-xuy\u00ean-l\u1ed7 l\u00e0 linh ki\u1ec7n thru-hole) \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u1edf ta quan t\u00e2m 2 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh: &#8211; \u00a0Tr\u1ecb s\u1ed1 (t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 1 Ohm, \u2026<\/p>\n<p class=\"continue-reading-button\"> <a class=\"continue-reading-link\" href=\"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/tutorials\/for-beginner\/2-dien-tro\/\">Continue reading<i class=\"crycon-right-dir\"><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":635,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1108","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1108"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1108\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1110,"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1108\/revisions\/1110"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/635"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}