{"id":2416,"date":"2016-09-30T15:27:05","date_gmt":"2016-09-30T08:27:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/?page_id=2416"},"modified":"2017-01-10T21:03:57","modified_gmt":"2017-01-10T14:03:57","slug":"bai-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/tutorials\/dien-tu-co-ban-cho-sv-nam-nhat\/bai-2\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00e0i 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u BJT v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a h\u00e0i<\/span><\/h1>\n

\u1ede b\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bread board, c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh tr\u1edf h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng cho led, n\u1eafm c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, BJT v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a h\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong ph\u1ea7n sau, v\u00e0 file t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c post \u1edf cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

1<\/strong>. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Bread board:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"[IMG]\"<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o<\/strong>: Bread board c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 c\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i s\u1eb5n v\u1edbi nhau nh\u1eb1m li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n. Ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ef1a b\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 gi\u1eef ch\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n linh ki\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng nh\u1ef1a ch\u1ecbu nhi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee9, ngo\u00e0i ra ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ef1a c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebfc\u00f3 m\u1ea5u g\u00e0i nh\u1eb1m m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n bread board th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed1i gh\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u bread board l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n

2. L\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a LED:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"[IMG]\"<\/span> \u0110\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a LED ( s\u00e1ng m\u1edd hay s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i ) ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng \u0111i qua LED. D\u00f2ng c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a LED c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng ( kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 5mA \u2013 25mA t\u00f9y lo\u1ea1i). \u00a0Theo s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u00ean ta c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n

I = (Vin – Ud)\/R1<\/p>\n

v\u1edbi Ud l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p r\u01a1i tr\u00ean LED<\/p>\n

\u00c1p r\u01a1i tr\u00ean LED (\u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p gi\u1eefa 2 ch\u00e2n LED) t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a LED tuy nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ea7m kho\u1ea3ng 2V
\nNh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi ta thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tr\u1edf th\u00ec I c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecd s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Led c\u0169ng s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

3. T\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"[IMG]\"C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh tr\u1edf kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5:
\nZ = \u00a0 1\/wC.
\nV\u1edbi w l\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o t\u1ee5 v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p DC th\u00ec w\u00a0=\u00a00 n\u00ean |Zc<\/sub>| s\u1ebd b\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1ee5 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ng\u0103n d\u00f2ng DC (d\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u).\"[IMG]\"<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean t\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng hay gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t m\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 1 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u00e1p tr\u00ean t\u1ee5 t\u0103ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00e1p tr\u00ean t\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3 t\u1ee5. Th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0ng cho th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ee5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi h\u1eb1ng.
\nD\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ecdc ngu\u1ed3n DC, tr\u00e1nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec5u l\u00e0m cho \u00e1p c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c linh ki\u1ec7n trong m\u1ea1ch thay \u0111\u1ed5i 1 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng linh ki\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n


\n4. Transistor l\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ef1c (BJT):<\/strong><\/h3>\n

a\/Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u:<\/strong>
\n\"[IMG]\"<\/span>
\nBJT l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i Transistor, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c
\nPh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i: 2 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 NPN v\u1edbi PNP
\nK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u A\u2026 , B\u2026 : <\/strong>Transistor thu\u1eadn\u00a0 PNP, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cao.VD: A1015, B733, 3AB20,\u2026
\nK\u00fd hi\u1ec7u C\u2026 , D\u2026 : <\/strong>Transistor ng\u01b0\u1ee3c NPN, th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n.VD: C1815, D1555, 3CP25\u2026<\/p>\n

b\/C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00e2n:<\/strong>
\nV\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i Transistor c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf
\nCh\u00e2n E lu\u00f4n \u1edf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i, c\u00f2n ch\u00e2n B v\u00e0 C t\u00f9y theo n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t
\n+ N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Transistor do Nh\u1eadt s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t : th\u00ed d\u1ee5 C828, A564 th\u00ec ch\u00e2n C \u1edf gi\u1eefa , ch\u00e2n B \u1edf b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i.
\n+ N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Transistor Trung qu\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t th\u00ec ch\u00e2n B \u1edf gi\u1eefa , ch\u00e2n C \u1edf b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i
\nTuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Transistor \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u00e1i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y => \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ta d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111o b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 v\u1ea1n n\u0103ng (tham kh\u1ea3o trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi)
\nV\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i Transistor c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t l\u1edbn: H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 : B\u00ean tr\u00e1i l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c B, \u1edf gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c C v\u00e0 b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c E.
\nNgo\u00e0i ra c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o datasheet c\u1ee7a linh ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 qua tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

c\/ C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o:<\/strong>
\n\"[IMG]\"<\/span>
\nV\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o Transistor nh\u01b0 2 diode \u0111\u1ea5u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ec1u nhau.
\nG\u1ed3m ba l\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi nhau h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hai m\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p P-N.
\nBa l\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ra th\u00e0nh ba c\u1ef1c:
\n+ L\u1edbp gi\u1eefa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c g\u1ed1c hay c\u1ef1c n\u1ec1n (Base) k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 B.
\n+ Hai l\u1edbp b\u00e1n d\u1eabn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i ra th\u00e0nh c\u1ef1c\u00a0 ph\u00e1t (Emitter) k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 E v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c thu hay c\u1ef1c g\u00f3p (Collector) k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 C. Hai\u00a0l\u1edbp n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1n d\u1eabn.
\nd\/C\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/strong>
\nBJT c\u00f3 4\u00a0ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c (mode ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng):
\n+\u00a0 Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u1eaft.
\n+ Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c thu\u1eadn (ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i).
\n+ Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ON-OFF (ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e3o h\u00f2a: t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed).
\nCh\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111i k\u00e8m.
\n+ Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

5. M\u1ea1ch dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a h\u00e0i:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\"[IMG]\"
\nM\u1ea1ch dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a h\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch kh\u00e1 th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh b\u00ean. N<\/span>guy\u00ean l\u00fd ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111i k\u00e8m.<\/p>\n

[Link file \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m]<\/a> \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u BJT v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a h\u00e0i \u1ede b\u00e0i n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng bread board, c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh tr\u1edf h\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng cho led, n\u1eafm c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, BJT v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a h\u00e0i. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong ph\u1ea7n sau, v\u00e0 file t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c post \u1edf cu\u1ed1i b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft. 1. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 Bread board: C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o: Bread board c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 c\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i s\u1eb5n v\u1edbi nhau nh\u1eb1m li\u00ean \u2026<\/p>\n

Continue reading<\/i><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":2382,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2416","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2416","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2416"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2416\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2515,"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2416\/revisions\/2515"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2382"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/payitforward.edu.vn\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2416"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}